Removed Container, Linker and other classes from theano package

Always import config from configdefaults directly

A small step towards not importing theano from within the codebase.
closes #234

Rename and rearrange imports

Fixes a performance digression caused by Blas Ops that did not leverage C-thunking.

The CLinkerOp and CLinkerObject like types were moved into link.c.interface to get them out of gof.
PureOp and Op were merged (as Op) which means that some C-related methods are now declared on all Ops.

+ BITWIDTHs are now constants in utils.
+ Lambdas and local functions for default/filter/validate are now module-level local functions. This fixes pickleability (closes #240).

Move linkers to link module

The `CVM` class definition was also split off into `theano.link.c.cvm`.

Closes #223

Also adds some type hints.

The comment said to move Container to compile, but it is directly and
exclusively used by the Linkers.  Some type hints were added and Container now
requires kwarg specification for the optional arguments.

Admittedly, the `undef = object()` is a cool trick, but `allow_gc` is simply a
null-able boolean.  Also, the `make_function` method can probably be removed, so
I marked it as deprecated.

Clean config importing

This untangles the `theano.configdefaults` module from the `theano.gof`
sub-package, thereby removing an import cycle.

Closes #94