"""WRITEME Defines the `Type` class."""

__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"

from theano.compat import PY3

from theano.gof import utils
from theano.gof.utils import MethodNotDefined, object2
from theano.gof import graph

########
# Type #
########
from theano.gof.op import CLinkerObject


class CLinkerType(CLinkerObject):
    """Interface specification for Types that can be arguments to a `CLinkerOp`.

    A CLinkerType instance is mainly reponsible  for providing the C code that
    interfaces python objects with a C `CLinkerOp` implementation.

    See WRITEME for a general overview of code generation by `CLinker`.

    """

    def c_is_simple(self):
        """Optional: Return True for small or builtin C types.

        A hint to tell the compiler that this type is a builtin C type or a
        small struct and that its memory footprint is negligible.  Simple
        objects may be passed on the stack.

        """
        return False

    def c_literal(self, data):
        """Optional: WRITEME

        :Parameters:
         - `data`: WRITEME
            WRITEME

        :Exceptions:
         - `MethodNotDefined`: Subclass does not implement this method

        """
        raise MethodNotDefined("c_literal", type(self), self.__class__.__name__)

    def c_declare(self, name, sub, check_input=True):
        """Required: Return c code to declare variables that will be
        instantiated by `c_extract`.

        Example:
        .. code-block: python

            return "PyObject ** addr_of_%(name)s;"

        :param name: the name of the ``PyObject *`` pointer that will  the value for this Type

        :type name: string

        :param sub: a dictionary of special codes.  Most importantly
            sub['fail']. See CLinker for more info on `sub` and ``fail``.

        :type sub: dict string -> string

        :note: It is important to include the `name` inside of variables which
            are declared here, so that name collisions do not occur in the
            source file that is generated.

        :note: The variable called ``name`` is not necessarily defined yet
            where this code is inserted.  This code might be inserted to
            create class variables for example, whereas the variable ``name``
            might only exist inside certain functions in that class.

        :todo: Why should variable declaration fail?  Is it even allowed to?

        :Exceptions:
         - `MethodNotDefined`: Subclass does not implement this method
        """
        raise MethodNotDefined()

    def c_init(self, name, sub):
        """Required: Return c code to initialize the variables that were declared by
        self.c_declare()

        Example:
        .. code-block: python

            return "addr_of_%(name)s = NULL;"

        :note: The variable called ``name`` is not necessarily defined yet
            where this code is inserted.  This code might be inserted in a
            class constructor for example, whereas the variable ``name``
            might only exist inside certain functions in that class.

        :todo: Why should variable initialization fail?  Is it even allowed to?
        """
        raise MethodNotDefined("c_init", type(self), self.__class__.__name__)

    def c_extract(self, name, sub, check_input=True):
        """Required: Return c code to extract a PyObject * instance.

        The code returned from this function must be templated using
        ``%(name)s``, representing the name that the caller wants to
        call this `Variable`. The Python object self.data is in a
        variable called "py_%(name)s" and this code must set the
        variables declared by c_declare to something representative
        of py_%(name)s. If the data is improper, set an appropriate
        exception and insert "%(fail)s".

        :todo: Point out that template filling (via sub) is now performed
            by this function. --jpt


        Example:
        .. code-block: python

            return "if (py_%(name)s == Py_None)" + \\\
                        addr_of_%(name)s = &py_%(name)s;" + \\\
                   "else" + \\\
                   { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, \\\
                        'was expecting None'); %(fail)s;}"


        :param name: the name of the ``PyObject *`` pointer that will
            store the value for this Type

        :type name: string

        :param sub: a dictionary of special codes.  Most importantly
            sub['fail'].  See CLinker for more info on `sub` and ``fail``.

        :type sub: dict string -> string

        :Exceptions:
         - `MethodNotDefined`: Subclass does not implement this method

        """
        raise MethodNotDefined("c_extract", type(self), self.__class__.__name__)

    def c_extract_out(self, name, sub, check_input=True):
        """Optional: C code to extract a PyObject * instance.

        Unlike c_extract, c_extract_out has to accept Py_None,
        meaning that the variable should be left uninitialized.
        """
        return """
        if (py_%(name)s == Py_None)
        {
            %(c_init_code)s
        }
        else
        {
            %(c_extract_code)s
        }
        """ % dict(
                name=name,
                c_init_code=self.c_init(name, sub),
                c_extract_code=self.c_extract(name, sub, check_input))

    def c_cleanup(self, name, sub):
        """Return c code to clean up after `c_extract`.

        This returns C code that should deallocate whatever `c_extract`
        allocated or decrease the reference counts. Do not decrease
        py_%(name)s's reference count.

        WRITEME

        :Parameters:
         - `name`: WRITEME
            WRITEME
         - `sub`: WRITEME
            WRITEME

        :Exceptions:
         - `MethodNotDefined`: Subclass does not implement this method

        """
        raise MethodNotDefined()

    def c_sync(self, name, sub):
        """Required: Return c code to pack C types back into a PyObject.

        The code returned from this function must be templated using "%(name)s",
        representing the name that the caller wants to call this Variable.  The
        returned code may set "py_%(name)s" to a PyObject* and that PyObject*
        will be accessible from Python via variable.data. Do not forget to adjust
        reference counts if "py_%(name)s" is changed from its original value.

        :Parameters:
         - `name`: WRITEME
            WRITEME
         - `sub`: WRITEME
            WRITEME

        :Exceptions:
         - `MethodNotDefined`: Subclass does not implement this method

        """
        raise MethodNotDefined("c_sync", type(self), self.__class__.__name__)

    def c_code_cache_version(self):
        """Return a tuple of integers indicating the version of this Type.

        An empty tuple indicates an 'unversioned' Type that will not be cached between processes.

        The cache mechanism may erase cached modules that have been superceded by newer
        versions.  See `ModuleCache` for details.

        """
        return ()


class PureType(object):
    """Interface specification for variable type instances.

    A :term:`Type` instance is mainly reponsible for two things:

    - creating `Variable` instances (conventionally, `__call__` does this), and

    - filtering a value assigned to a `Variable` so that the value conforms to restrictions
      imposed by the type (also known as casting, this is done by `filter`),

    """

    Variable = graph.Variable  # the type that will be created by call to make_variable.
    Constant = graph.Constant  # the type that will be created by call to make_constant

    def filter(self, data, strict=False, allow_downcast=None):
        """Required: Return data or an appropriately wrapped/converted data.

        Subclass implementation should raise a TypeError exception if the data is not of an
        acceptable type.

        If strict is True, the data returned must be the same as the
        data passed as an argument. If it is False, and allow_downcast
        is True, filter may cast it to an appropriate type. If
        allow_downcast is False, filter may only upcast it, not lose
        precision. If allow_downcast is None (default), the behaviour can be
        Type-dependent, but for now it means only Python floats can be
        downcasted, and only to floatX scalars.

        :Exceptions:
         - `MethodNotDefined`: subclass doesn't implement this function.

        """
        raise MethodNotDefined("filter", type(self), self.__class__.__name__)

    # If filter_inplace is defined, it will be called instead of
    # filter() This is to allow reusing the old allocated memory. As
    # of this writing this is used only when we transfer new data to a
    # shared variable on the gpu.

    # def filter_inplace(value, storage, strict=False, allow_downcast=None)

    def filter_variable(self, other):
        """Convert a symbolic variable into this Type, if compatible.

        For the moment, the only Types compatible with one another are
        TensorType and CudaNdarrayType, provided they have the same
        number of dimensions, same broadcasting pattern, and same dtype.

        If Types are not compatible, a TypeError should be raised.
        """
        if not isinstance(other, graph.Variable):
            # The value is not a Variable: we cast it into
            # a Constant of the appropriate Type.
            other = self.Constant(type=self, data=other)

        if other.type != self:
            raise TypeError(
                    'Cannot convert Type %(othertype)s '
                    '(of Variable %(other)s) into Type %(self)s. '
                    'You can try to manually convert %(other)s into a %(self)s.'
                    % dict(
                        othertype=other.type,
                        other=other,
                        self=self)
                    )
        return other

    def is_valid_value(self, a):
        """Required: Return True for any python object `a` that would be a legal value for a Variable of this Type"""
        try:
            self.filter(a, strict=True)
            return True
        except (TypeError, ValueError):
            return False

    def value_validity_msg(self, a):
        """Optional: return a message explaining the output of is_valid_value"""
        return "none"

    def make_variable(self, name=None):
        """Return a new `Variable` instance of Type `self`.

        :Parameters:
         - `name`: None or str
            A pretty string for printing and debugging.

        """
        return self.Variable(self, name=name)

    def make_constant(self, value, name=None):
        return self.Constant(type=self, data=value, name=name)

    def __call__(self, name=None):
        """Return a new `Variable` instance of Type `self`.

        :Parameters:
         - `name`: None or str
            A pretty string for printing and debugging.

        """
        return utils.add_tag_trace(self.make_variable(name))

    def values_eq(self, a, b):
        """
        Return True if a and b can be considered exactly equal.

        a and b are assumed to be valid values of this Type.
        """
        return a == b

    def values_eq_approx(self, a, b):
        """
        Return True if a and b can be considered approximately equal.

        :param a: a potential value for a Variable of this Type.

        :param b: a potential value for a Variable of this Type.

        :rtype: Bool

        This function is used by theano debugging tools to decide
        whether two values are equivalent, admitting a certain amount
        of numerical instability.  For example, for floating-point
        numbers this function should be an approximate comparison.

        By default, this does an exact comparison.
        """
        return self.values_eq(a, b)

#    def get_shape_info(self, obj):
        """
        Optional function. See TensorType().get_shape_info for definition
        """

#    def get_size(self, shape_info):
        """
        Optional function. See TensorType().get_size for definition
        """

_nothing = """
       """


class Type(object2, PureType, CLinkerType):
    """Convenience wrapper combining `PureType` and `CLinkerType`.

    Theano comes with several subclasses of such as:

    - `Generic`: for any python type

    - `TensorType`: for numpy.ndarray

    - `SparseType`: for scipy.sparse

    But you are encouraged to write your own, as described in WRITEME.

    The following following code illustrates the use of a Type instance, here tensor.fvector:

    .. code-block:: python

        # Declare a symbolic floating-point vector using __call__
        b = tensor.fvector()

        # Create a second Variable with the same Type instance
        c = tensor.fvector()

    Whenever you create a symbolic variable in theano (technically, `Variable`) it will contain a
    reference to a Type instance.  That reference is typically constant during the lifetime of
    the Variable.  Many variables can refer to a single Type instance, as do b and c above.  The
    Type instance defines the kind of value which might end up in that variable when executing
    a `Function`.  In this sense, theano is like a strongly-typed language because the types
    are included in the graph before the values.  In our example above, b is a Variable which is
    guaranteed to correspond to a numpy.ndarray of rank 1 when we try to do some computations
    with it.

    Many `Op` instances will raise an exception if they are applied to inputs with incorrect
    types.  Type references are also useful to do type-checking in pattern-based optimizations.

    """
    def convert_variable(self, var):
        """Patch variable so that its type will match self, if possible.

        If the variable can't be converted, this should return None.

        The conversion can only happen if the following implication is
        true for all possible `val`.

          self.is_valid_value(val) => var.type.is_valid_value(val)

        For the majority of types this means that you can only have
        non-broadcastable dimensions become broadcastable and not the
        inverse.

        The default is to not convert anything which is always safe.
        """
        return None


class SingletonType(Type):
    """Convenient Base class for a Type subclass with no attributes

    It saves having to implement __eq__ and __hash__
    """
    __instance = None

    def __new__(cls):
        # If sub-subclass of SingletonType don't redeclare __instance
        # when we look for it, we will find it in the subclass.  We
        # don't want that, so we check the class.  When we add one, we
        # add one only to the current class, so all is working
        # correctly.
        if cls.__instance is None or not isinstance(cls.__instance, cls):
            cls.__instance = Type.__new__(cls)
        return cls.__instance

    def __str__(self):
        return self.__class__.__name__

    # even if we try to make a singleton, this do not always work.  So
    # we compare the type. See test_type_other.test_none_Constant for
    # an exmple. So we need to implement __eq__ and __hash__
    def __eq__(self, other):
        if self is other:
            return True
        if type(self) is type(other):
            return True
        return False

    def __hash__(self):
        return hash(type(self))


class Generic(SingletonType):
    """
    Represents a generic Python object.

    This class implements the `PureType` and `CLinkerType` interfaces for generic PyObject
    instances.

    EXAMPLE of what this means, or when you would use this type.

    WRITEME
    """

    def filter(self, data, strict=False, allow_downcast=None):
        return data

    def is_valid_value(self, a):
        return True

    def c_declare(self, name, sub, check_input=True):
        return """
        PyObject* %(name)s;
        """ % locals()

    def c_init(self, name, sub):
        return """
        %(name)s = NULL;
        """ % locals()

    def c_extract(self, name, sub, check_input=True):
        return """
        Py_INCREF(py_%(name)s);
        %(name)s = py_%(name)s;
        """ % locals()

    def c_cleanup(self, name, sub):
        return """
        Py_XDECREF(%(name)s);
        """ % locals()

    def c_sync(self, name, sub):
        return """
        assert(py_%(name)s->ob_refcnt > 1);
        Py_DECREF(py_%(name)s);
        py_%(name)s = %(name)s ? %(name)s : Py_None;
        Py_INCREF(py_%(name)s);
        """ % locals()

    def c_code_cache_version(self):
        return (1,)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.__class__.__name__

generic = Generic()


class CDataType(Type):
    """
    Represents opaque C data to be passed around. The intent is to
    ease passing arbitrary data between ops C code.
    """
    import ctypes
    if PY3:
        _cdata_type = ctypes.py_object.from_address(
            ctypes.addressof(ctypes.pythonapi.PyCapsule_Type)).value
    else:
        _cdata_type = ctypes.py_object.from_address(
            ctypes.addressof(ctypes.pythonapi.PyCObject_Type)).value
    del ctypes

    def __init__(self, ctype, freefunc=None):
        """
        Build a type made to represent a C pointer in theano.

        :param ctype: The type of the pointer (complete with the `*`)

        :param freefunc: a function to call to free the pointer.  This
                         function must have a `void` return and take a
                         single pointer argument.
        """
        assert isinstance(ctype, basestring)
        self.ctype = ctype
        if freefunc is not None:
            assert isinstance(freefunc, basestring)
        self.freefunc = freefunc

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return (type(self) == type(other) and
                self.ctype == other.ctype,
                self.freefunc == other.freefunc)

    def __hash__(self):
        return hash((type(self), self.ctype, self.freefunc))

    def filter(self, data, strict=False, allow_downcast=None):
        if data is not None and not isinstance(data, self._cdata_type):
            raise TypeError("expected None or PyCObject/PyCapsule")
        return data

    def c_declare(self, name, sub, check_input=True):
        return """
        %(ctype)s %(name)s;
        """ % dict(ctype=self.ctype, name=name)

    def c_init(self, name, sub):
        return "%(name)s = NULL;" % dict(name=name)

    def c_extract(self, name, sub, check_input=True):
        if PY3:
            s = """
  %(name)s = (%(ctype)s)PyCapsule_GetPointer(py_%(name)s, NULL);
  if (%(name)s == NULL) %(fail)s
"""
        else:
            s = """
  %(name)s = (%(ctype)s)PyCObject_AsVoidPtr(py_%(name)s);
"""
        return s % dict(name=name, ctype=self.ctype, fail=sub['fail'])

    def c_support_code(self):
        if PY3:
            return """
void _py3_destructor(PyObject *o) {
    void *d = PyCapsule_GetContext(o);
    void *p = PyCapsule_GetPointer(o, NULL);
    void (*f)(void *) = (void (*)(void *))d;
    if (f != NULL) f(p);
}
"""
        else:
            return ""

    def c_sync(self, name, sub):
        freefunc = self.freefunc
        if freefunc is None:
            freefunc = "NULL"
        s = """
Py_XDECREF(py_%(name)s);
if (%(name)s == NULL) {
  py_%(name)s = Py_None;
  Py_INCREF(py_%(name)s);
} else """
        if PY3:
            s += """{
  py_%(name)s = PyCapsule_New((void *)%(name)s, NULL,
                              _py3_destructor);
  if (py_%(name)s != NULL) {
    if (PyCapsule_SetContext(py_%(name)s, (void *)%(freefunc)s) != 0) {
      /* This won't trigger a call to freefunc since it could not be
         set. The error case below will do it. */
      Py_DECREF(py_%(name)s);
      /* Signal the error */
      py_%(name)s = NULL;
    }
  }
}"""
        else:
            s += """{
  py_%(name)s = PyCObject_FromVoidPtr((void *)%(name)s,
                                      (void (*)(void *))%(freefunc)s);
}"""
        if self.freefunc is not None:
            s += """
if (py_%(name)s == NULL) { %(freefunc)s(%(name)s); }
"""
        return s % dict(name=name, freefunc=freefunc)

    def c_cleanup(self, name, sub):
        # No need to do anything here since the CObject/Capsule will
        # free the data for us when released.
        return ""

    def c_code_cache_version(self):
        return (2,)

    def __str__(self):
        return "%s{%s}" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.ctype)


class CDataTypeConstant(graph.Constant):
    def signature(self):
        # The Op.c_code* methoss can't access the data, so it can't
        # change the code depending of it. So there is no need to put
        # it in the signature. Also, under Python 2, PyCObject aren't
        # pickable. So using the PyCObject in the signature would
        # disable the c code cache for op that have it as an input.
        return (self.type,)
CDataType.Constant = CDataTypeConstant
