import warnings
from collections.abc import Sequence
from copy import copy
from typing import Any, cast

import numpy as np

import pytensor
from pytensor.configdefaults import config
from pytensor.graph.basic import Apply, Variable, equal_computations
from pytensor.graph.op import Op
from pytensor.graph.replace import _vectorize_node
from pytensor.misc.safe_asarray import _asarray
from pytensor.scalar import ScalarVariable
from pytensor.tensor.basic import (
    as_tensor_variable,
    concatenate,
    constant,
    get_vector_length,
    infer_static_shape,
)
from pytensor.tensor.blockwise import OpWithCoreShape
from pytensor.tensor.random.type import RandomGeneratorType, RandomType
from pytensor.tensor.random.utils import (
    compute_batch_shape,
    explicit_expand_dims,
    normalize_size_param,
)
from pytensor.tensor.shape import shape_tuple
from pytensor.tensor.type import TensorType
from pytensor.tensor.type_other import NoneConst, NoneTypeT
from pytensor.tensor.utils import _parse_gufunc_signature, safe_signature
from pytensor.tensor.variable import TensorVariable


class RandomVariable(Op):
    """An `Op` that produces a sample from a random variable.

    This is essentially `RandomFunction`, except that it removes the
    `outtype` dependency and handles shape dimension information more
    directly.

    """

    _output_type_depends_on_input_value = True

    __props__ = ("name", "signature", "dtype", "inplace")
    default_output = 1

    def __init__(
        self,
        name=None,
        ndim_supp=None,
        ndims_params=None,
        dtype: str | None = None,
        inplace=None,
        signature: str | None = None,
    ):
        """Create a random variable `Op`.

        Parameters
        ----------
        name: str
            The `Op`'s display name.
        signature: str
            Numpy-like vectorized signature of the random variable.
        dtype: str (optional)
            The default dtype of the sampled output.  If the value ``"floatX"`` is
            given, then ``dtype`` is set to ``pytensor.config.floatX``.  If
            ``None`` (the default), the `dtype` keyword must be set when
            `RandomVariable.make_node` is called.
        inplace: boolean (optional)
            Determine whether the underlying rng state is mutated or copied.

        """
        super().__init__()

        self.name = name or getattr(self, "name")

        ndim_supp = (
            ndim_supp if ndim_supp is not None else getattr(self, "ndim_supp", None)
        )
        if ndim_supp is not None:
            warnings.warn(
                "ndim_supp is deprecated. Provide signature instead.", FutureWarning
            )
            self.ndim_supp = ndim_supp
        ndims_params = (
            ndims_params
            if ndims_params is not None
            else getattr(self, "ndims_params", None)
        )
        if ndims_params is not None:
            warnings.warn(
                "ndims_params is deprecated. Provide signature instead.", FutureWarning
            )
            if not isinstance(ndims_params, Sequence):
                raise TypeError("Parameter ndims_params must be sequence type.")
            self.ndims_params = tuple(ndims_params)

        self.signature = signature or getattr(self, "signature", None)
        if self.signature is not None:
            # Assume a single output. Several methods need to be updated to handle multiple outputs.
            self.inputs_sig, [self.output_sig] = _parse_gufunc_signature(self.signature)
            self.ndims_params = [len(input_sig) for input_sig in self.inputs_sig]
            self.ndim_supp = len(self.output_sig)
        else:
            if (
                getattr(self, "ndim_supp", None) is None
                or getattr(self, "ndims_params", None) is None
            ):
                raise ValueError("signature must be provided")
            else:
                self.signature = safe_signature(self.ndims_params, [self.ndim_supp])

        self.dtype = dtype or getattr(self, "dtype", None)

        self.inplace = (
            inplace if inplace is not None else getattr(self, "inplace", False)
        )

        if self.inplace:
            self.destroy_map = {0: [0]}

    def _supp_shape_from_params(self, dist_params, param_shapes=None):
        """Determine the support shape of a multivariate `RandomVariable`'s output given its parameters.

        This does *not* consider the extra dimensions added by the `size` parameter
        or independent (batched) parameters.

        When provided, `param_shapes` should be given preference over `[d.shape for d in dist_params]`,
        as it will avoid redundancies in PyTensor shape inference.

        Examples
        --------
        Common multivariate `RandomVariable`s derive their support shapes implicitly from the
        last dimension of some of their parameters. For example `multivariate_normal` support shape
        corresponds to the last dimension of the mean or covariance parameters, `support_shape=(mu.shape[-1])`.
        For this case the helper `pytensor.tensor.random.utils.supp_shape_from_ref_param_shape` can be used.

        Other variables have fixed support shape such as `support_shape=(2,)` or it is determined by the
        values (not shapes) of some parameters. For instance, a `gaussian_random_walk(steps, size=(2,))`,
        might have `support_shape=(steps,)`.
        """
        if self.signature is not None:
            # Signature could indicate fixed numerical shapes
            # As per https://numpy.org/neps/nep-0020-gufunc-signature-enhancement.html
            output_sig = self.output_sig
            core_out_shape = {
                dim: int(dim) if str.isnumeric(dim) else None for dim in self.output_sig
            }

            # Try to infer missing support dims from signature of params
            for param, param_sig, ndim_params in zip(
                dist_params, self.inputs_sig, self.ndims_params
            ):
                if ndim_params == 0:
                    continue
                for param_dim, dim in zip(param.shape[-ndim_params:], param_sig):
                    if dim in core_out_shape and core_out_shape[dim] is None:
                        core_out_shape[dim] = param_dim

            if all(dim is not None for dim in core_out_shape.values()):
                # We have all we need
                return [core_out_shape[dim] for dim in output_sig]

        raise NotImplementedError(
            "`_supp_shape_from_params` must be implemented for multivariate RVs "
            "when signature is not sufficient to infer the support shape"
        )

    def rng_fn(self, rng, *args, **kwargs) -> int | float | np.ndarray:
        """Sample a numeric random variate."""
        return getattr(rng, self.name)(*args, **kwargs)

    def __str__(self):
        # Only show signature from core props
        if signature := self.signature:
            # inp, out = signature.split("->")
            # extended_signature = f"[rng],[size],{inp}->[rng],{out}"
            # core_props = [extended_signature]
            core_props = [f'"{signature}"']
        else:
            # Far back compat
            core_props = [str(self.ndim_supp), str(self.ndims_params)]

        # Add any extra props that the subclass may have
        extra_props = [
            str(getattr(self, prop))
            for prop in self.__props__
            if prop not in RandomVariable.__props__
        ]

        props_str = ", ".join(core_props + extra_props)
        return f"{self.name}_rv{{{props_str}}}"

    def _infer_shape(
        self,
        size: TensorVariable | Variable,
        dist_params: Sequence[TensorVariable],
        param_shapes: Sequence[tuple[Variable, ...]] | None = None,
    ) -> tuple[ScalarVariable | TensorVariable, ...]:
        """Compute the output shape given the size and distribution parameters.

        Parameters
        ----------
        size
            The size parameter specified for this `RandomVariable`.
        dist_params
            The symbolic parameter for this `RandomVariable`'s distribution.
        param_shapes
            The shapes of the `dist_params` as given by `ShapeFeature`'s
            via `Op.infer_shape`'s `input_shapes` argument.  This parameter's
            values are essentially more accurate versions of ``[d.shape for d
            in dist_params]``.

        """

        from pytensor.tensor.extra_ops import broadcast_shape_iter

        supp_shape: tuple[Any]
        if self.ndim_supp == 0:
            supp_shape = ()
        else:
            supp_shape = tuple(
                self._supp_shape_from_params(dist_params, param_shapes=param_shapes)
            )

        if not isinstance(size.type, NoneTypeT):
            size_len = get_vector_length(size)

            # Fail early when size is incompatible with parameters
            for i, (param, param_ndim_supp) in enumerate(
                zip(dist_params, self.ndims_params)
            ):
                param_batched_dims = getattr(param, "ndim", 0) - param_ndim_supp
                if param_batched_dims > size_len:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"Size length is incompatible with batched dimensions of parameter {i} {param}:\n"
                        f"len(size) = {size_len}, len(batched dims {param}) = {param_batched_dims}. "
                        f"Size must be None or have length >= {param_batched_dims}"
                    )

            return tuple(size) + supp_shape

        # Size was not provided, we must infer it from the shape of the parameters
        if param_shapes is None:
            param_shapes = [shape_tuple(p) for p in dist_params]

        def extract_batch_shape(p, ps, n):
            shape = tuple(ps)

            if n == 0:
                return shape

            batch_shape = tuple(
                s if not b else constant(1, "int64")
                for s, b in zip(shape[:-n], p.type.broadcastable[:-n])
            )
            return batch_shape

        # These are versions of our actual parameters with the anticipated
        # dimensions (i.e. support dimensions) removed so that only the
        # independent variate dimensions are left.
        params_batch_shape = tuple(
            extract_batch_shape(p, ps, n)
            for p, ps, n in zip(dist_params, param_shapes, self.ndims_params)
        )

        if len(params_batch_shape) == 1:
            [batch_shape] = params_batch_shape
        elif len(params_batch_shape) > 1:
            # If there are multiple parameters, the dimensions of their
            # independent variates should broadcast together.
            batch_shape = broadcast_shape_iter(
                params_batch_shape,
                arrays_are_shapes=True,
            )
        else:
            # Distribution has no parameters
            batch_shape = ()

        shape = batch_shape + supp_shape

        return shape

    def infer_shape(self, fgraph, node, input_shapes):
        _, size, *dist_params = node.inputs
        _, _, *param_shapes = input_shapes

        shape = self._infer_shape(size, dist_params, param_shapes=param_shapes)

        return [None, list(shape)]

    def __call__(self, *args, size=None, name=None, rng=None, dtype=None, **kwargs):
        if dtype is None:
            dtype = self.dtype
        if dtype == "floatX":
            dtype = config.floatX

        # We need to recreate the Op with the right dtype
        if dtype != self.dtype:
            # Check we are not switching from float to int
            if self.dtype is not None:
                if dtype.startswith("float") != self.dtype.startswith("float"):
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"Cannot change the dtype of a {self.name} RV from {self.dtype} to {dtype}"
                    )
            props = self._props_dict()
            props["dtype"] = dtype
            new_op = type(self)(**props)
            return new_op.__call__(
                *args, size=size, name=name, rng=rng, dtype=dtype, **kwargs
            )

        res = super().__call__(rng, size, *args, **kwargs)

        if name is not None:
            res.name = name

        return res

    def make_node(self, rng, size, *dist_params):
        """Create a random variable node.

        Parameters
        ----------
        rng: RandomGeneratorType
            Existing PyTensor `Generator` object to be used.  Creates a new one, if `None`.
        size: int or Sequence
            NumPy-like size parameter.
        dtype: str
            The dtype of the sampled output.  If the value ``"floatX"`` is
            given, then `dtype` is set to ``pytensor.config.floatX``.  This value is
            only used when ``self.dtype`` isn't set.
        dist_params: list
            Distribution parameters.

        Results
        -------
        out: Apply
            A node with inputs ``(rng, size, dtype) + dist_args`` and outputs
            ``(rng_var, out_var)``.

        """
        size = normalize_size_param(size)

        dist_params = tuple(
            as_tensor_variable(p) if not isinstance(p, Variable) else p
            for p in dist_params
        )

        if rng is None:
            rng = pytensor.shared(np.random.default_rng())
        elif not isinstance(rng.type, RandomType):
            raise TypeError(
                "The type of rng should be an instance of RandomGeneratorType "
            )

        inferred_shape = self._infer_shape(size, dist_params)
        _, static_shape = infer_static_shape(inferred_shape)

        dist_params = explicit_expand_dims(
            dist_params,
            self.ndims_params,
            size_length=None if NoneConst.equals(size) else get_vector_length(size),
        )

        inputs = (rng, size, *dist_params)
        out_type = TensorType(dtype=self.dtype, shape=static_shape)
        outputs = (rng.type(), out_type())

        return Apply(self, inputs, outputs)

    def batch_ndim(self, node: Apply) -> int:
        return cast(int, node.default_output().type.ndim - self.ndim_supp)

    def rng_param(self, node) -> Variable:
        """Return the node input corresponding to the rng"""
        return node.inputs[0]

    def size_param(self, node) -> Variable:
        """Return the node input corresponding to the size"""
        return node.inputs[1]

    def dist_params(self, node) -> Sequence[Variable]:
        """Return the node inpust corresponding to dist params"""
        return node.inputs[2:]

    def perform(self, node, inputs, outputs):
        rng_var_out, smpl_out = outputs

        rng, size, *args = inputs

        # Draw from `rng` if `self.inplace` is `True`, and from a copy of `rng` otherwise.
        if not self.inplace:
            rng = copy(rng)

        rng_var_out[0] = rng

        if size is not None:
            size = tuple(size)
        smpl_val = self.rng_fn(rng, *([*args, size]))

        if not isinstance(smpl_val, np.ndarray) or str(smpl_val.dtype) != self.dtype:
            smpl_val = _asarray(smpl_val, dtype=self.dtype)

        smpl_out[0] = smpl_val

    def grad(self, inputs, outputs):
        return [
            pytensor.gradient.grad_undefined(
                self, k, inp, "No gradient defined for random variables"
            )
            for k, inp in enumerate(inputs)
        ]

    def R_op(self, inputs, eval_points):
        return [None for i in eval_points]


class AbstractRNGConstructor(Op):
    def make_node(self, seed=None):
        if seed is None:
            seed = NoneConst
        else:
            seed = as_tensor_variable(seed)
        inputs = [seed]
        outputs = [self.random_type()]
        return Apply(self, inputs, outputs)

    def perform(self, node, inputs, output_storage):
        (seed,) = inputs
        if seed is not None and seed.size == 1:
            seed = int(seed)
        output_storage[0][0] = getattr(np.random, self.random_constructor)(seed=seed)


class DefaultGeneratorMakerOp(AbstractRNGConstructor):
    random_type = RandomGeneratorType()
    random_constructor = "default_rng"


default_rng = DefaultGeneratorMakerOp()


@_vectorize_node.register(RandomVariable)
def vectorize_random_variable(
    op: RandomVariable, node: Apply, rng, size, *dist_params
) -> Apply:
    # If size was provided originally and a new size hasn't been provided,
    # We extend it to accommodate the new input batch dimensions.
    # Otherwise, we assume the new size already has the right values

    original_dist_params = op.dist_params(node)
    old_size = op.size_param(node)

    if not isinstance(old_size.type, NoneTypeT) and equal_computations(
        [old_size], [size]
    ):
        # If the original RV had a size variable and a new one has not been provided,
        # we need to define a new size as the concatenation of the original size dimensions
        # and the novel ones implied by new broadcasted batched parameters dimensions.
        new_ndim = dist_params[0].type.ndim - original_dist_params[0].type.ndim
        if new_ndim >= 0:
            new_size = compute_batch_shape(dist_params, ndims_params=op.ndims_params)
            new_size_dims = new_size[:new_ndim]
            size = concatenate([new_size_dims, size])

    return op.make_node(rng, size, *dist_params)


class RandomVariableWithCoreShape(OpWithCoreShape):
    """Generalizes a random variable `Op` to include a core shape parameter."""

    def __str__(self):
        [rv_node] = self.fgraph.apply_nodes
        return f"[{rv_node.op!s}]"
